Can you move or get a visa if you have US debt?

Ah you're right. I didn't see that they specifically mentioned a work visa. You're right, you would typically not have to show your income for a work visa. But some countries absolutely do require you to provide that you have enough money for the initial period of arriving, even for a work visa. The UK calls it "Maintenance funds", you need to prove that you've had a balance of at least £1270 for at least the past month. Germany also requires this too, but I don't know what the amount is. Canada also requires it, and they want to see at least $14k in your bank account.