VSCode is nice for relatively small projects, or projects where Python is only a small part of what you need to do. It's light on its feet, can be extended to do many things full-fledged IDEs do with extensions, and available on many computers - or not that heavy to install. Free and licence-free to boot.

PyCharm is great if you have large and complex projects, when you need to do really deep debugging where you want to track many variables, or if you want to remotely debug code. It's got most of the functionality you'd ever want in extensions on VSCode as part of the standard application - and whatever it doesn't have, you can add as plugins. For some of the best features, you do need the paid edition.

I think anyone would struggle to name a specific feature of PyCharm that couldn't be added to VSCode with an extension, but the nice thing is that it already has a lot of it in place, well-integrated, with a great interface for customising your experience of it.

Some that I would name: zero-setup debugging, integrated database exploration and SQL coding, cross-file safe refactoring (renaming, signature changes, etc.), great integrated support for Django/Flask/FastAPI, and perhaps most importantly for newer users great integrated environment management.

On the other hand, I struggle to come up with features of VSCode that I wish PyCharm had. I use VSCode for remote debugging through SSH and in projects that are mostly other languages and that have just a bit of Python. PyCharm can do either, but VSCode is more convenient in specific cases.