Effects of an 80 lb drone falling from 400 feet?
Posted by PoketheBearSoftly@reddit | aviation | View on Reddit | 17 comments
I'm trying to get some ideas of the impacts (pun intended) that drones could have if they were to fail mid-air... As aviators you folks often have interest testing data, videos, etc. and thought you might have this knowledge more at-hand than what I find from the typical drone pilot.
Quick statements:
- NO, I am not anti-drone
- I am a sport pilot
- Yes, I am very concerned about commercial use impacts on G/E airspace, general aviation, 103 flyers, paragliders, etc., but...
- This is genuine curiosity; no ulterior motives
So, over congested areas, I'm required to fly at 1,000ft AGL to provide noise and safety buffers. But my understanding is that drones can fly at about 400ft.
Now I know ANY aircraft falling from the sky would be bad, but I think it's fair to say that A.) pilots can quickly identify landing sites when something goes wrong, and B.) there just aren't that many of us in the first place. With the exception of major airports, I suspect a lot of us fly where there may be a few hundred T/Ls a day at best.
Drones, on the other hand, are being talked about being deployed for thousands of flights every day in a single city, so it seems that - statistically - the likelihood of one of these falling out of the sky (for whatever reason, although mechanical comes to mind) seems higher than average. (FWIW, Amazon alone is aiming for 500 per day, per location; add in UPS, Fedex, USPS, DHL, Aliexpress/Alibaba, Temu, Walmart, Target,... you see where I'm going.)
Here's my question, then: What kind of damage would an 80lb drone do landing on a car or a house from 400ft AGL? Any tests, videos, similar analyses, etc. anyone has come across?
Everything has risks, and I'm trying to understand what the risk are with these. A 1,700lb Cessna 172 into my house has a pretty well-defined result. 80lb drone? Not so much.
I'm not include a direct human or animal ground strike, as I think that outcome is self-evident. I picked 80lb since that's the weight of the Amazon MK-30s that are buzzing around the Phoenix area (and collided with that crane), and I figure that's as good a starting point as any, although I can only imagine them getting larger if package size demands increase.
Duckbilling2@reddit
TERMINAL VELOCITY is important
wld002@reddit
Lirdon@reddit
These numbers are correct for free fall, since the drone is not very likely to hit terminal velocity from 400 feet, and would be falling at ~110 mph at the moment of impact.
Considering average car weighs ~4,500 pounds and can hold 3 times it’s weight on its roof, this would mean that most likely significant damage to the roof would be made, and the likelihood of it punching straight through is not negligible. At the very least it would crush people underneath.
GGCRX@reddit
Yeah, but the real problem, aside from what it would do to someone who wasn't in a car (or was in a convertible) is what it would do to the driver. Sure, the drone might not punch all the way through the roof, though I wouldn't place bets on that with the glass roof on my car, but it's going to startle the hell out of the driver, who is then very likely to crash and get hurt that way.
One of the reasons the drone I bought has 6 rotors is because if one motor fails, it can safely land with the remaining 5. You can't do that with a 4-rotor drone.
AHappySnowman@reddit
That chart assumes a vacuum. Also the impact force is inversely proportional to the impact distance (how hard the item it strikes is), so it isn’t that useful.
I’d estimate it’s roughly equivalent to a car hitting a deer at like 50mph.
BrewCityChaserV2@reddit
Fuel type / material strength / design and construction structure and strength considerations are also omitted. Tons of variables at play here aside from simple mass / velocity .
Lionheart-Q@reddit
A big drone could easily break someones neck if it falls from the sky.
anactualspacecadet@reddit
Like if it hit you?
Death.
2a3b66725@reddit
On the spectrum of possible outcomes, this falls far to the right of having a bad day.
EdTNuttyB@reddit
KE=1/2 m v^2
airport-codes@reddit
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insomnimax_99@reddit
Bad bot.
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NotCook59@reddit
Irrelevant AI comment. Just stop!
ImpressiveTeacher293@reddit
That’s actually a great question — 80 lbs dropping from 400 ft would have serious kinetic energy on impact. Based on rough physics estimates, it’d easily hit over 50–60 mph before impact, enough to crush a car roof or go through lightweight structures. Commercial delivery drones that heavy are usually designed with redundant rotors and controlled descent systems for that reason.
If you’re looking into smaller hobby drones just to test payload or flight control ideas, AliExpress has some surprisingly solid kits for that — and they’ve got active coupon codes that make them way cheaper right now:
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Could be a good way to experiment without spending a fortune — plus you can find decent brushless setups for under $300 with these.
Sakul_Aubaris@reddit
Here in Germany (Europe) there are certain regulations.
One is that drones above a certain size are not allowed to be flown over populated area without clearance and proper license.
There are different drone classes that have different restrictions.
In general the lightest drones with the lowest speed (A0) are so light and slow that they "should not seriously injure" people and are therefore allowed to be flown above crowds of uninvolved people under certain circumstances.
Other classes below 25kg (A3) have to keep a horizontal safety distance of at least 150m from residential, commercial, industrial or recreational areas.
Here you can find a summary:
https://www.dfs.de/homepage/en/drone-flight/checklist-for-drone-pilots/.
NotCook59@reddit
I’d be more concerned about the potential number of collisions. Who is controlling the airspace below 500’ AGL? No one! Those things could be whizzing around in vast numbers, as you pointed out, and totally unaware of each other, unless they all have some kind of TCAS like system among them, which they don’t.
Adrift_on_the_Tide@reddit
80lbs is 36kg, which is in the region of a max weight check-in suitcase or a 12 year old kid.
If one fell on your house, it would go through the roof and damage the ceiling below. If it landed on your car, your car would be written off.