There was ample homophobia in Muslim states but that the current vicious homophobia of Islamic fundamentalist comes from it being associated with the west and "western degeneracy". States like the Ottoman Empire were quite tolerant to homosexuality - however they followed similar cultural patterns as the ancient greeks did. So it was perfectly normal to fuck another man in the ass but if you take it you are a bit questionable and a disgrace. A common trope of European orientalism for example was that the "Turk" and the "Arab" were sexual deviants for their acceptance of homosexuality and them marrying multiple women. The harem was also suuuuper fascinating to Europeans as a den of sinfulness, lust and desire. Lot of cultural imaginings what happened there from the 17th century onward.
Like with Japanese society however when they westernized they copied some of the moral and legislative framework from Europe and the stance on homosexuality hardened. Homosexuality equalled being backwards and savage so to be successful like the French and British you needed to stamp it out by copying their societal, legal and economical framework and adapting it to your (superior in their minds) culture.

In Africa proper all of the Muslim nations were dominated by either the French, British, Italian or German colonizers and they all got slapped with European civil law where homosexuality was condemned. Local customs were penetrative homosexuality for example were permissable were stamped out and in cultures where homosexuality was condemned it hardened their attitudes by creating a legal framework of punishment (death sentence at first and then later 10 years of prison after the laws were amended to be less harsh).