Depends a bit on the airplane in question, but like already mentioned, hot brakes and a possible deflation of a tire is a thing. But after that a maintenance check probably has to be done and the severity depends on weight, airplane, how hard the touchdown was and probably some other factors. 

For instance an Airbus 330 is sort of certified to land heavy as they don't have a fuel dump system (maybe some do, but most don't). If you make a smooth touchdown (exact number are in the books), you can land it up to the maximum takeoff weight without a (big) maintenance check afterwards.

All in all, not a big thing nowadays