Cargo cults in modern Western culture
Posted by boneyfingers@reddit | collapse | View on Reddit | 44 comments
These are just a few thoughts I am putting in a letter to my cousin. I post them here on Friday because they are just a shadow of a full fledged idea, and maybe, if anyone comments, it might help me add something substantial.
I was reading about Cargo Cults in the Pacific Islands after WW2. The origins are older, dating from the beginning of colonialism decades earlier, but I was interested in the post war era. One feature of the war between the States and Japan was that huge shipments of supplies and material were airlifted into isolated island communities, and a great amount was given as gifts to locals, to generate good will. Then, when the war ended, it all stopped.
Here is the Wikipedia description of the local reaction to the end of the bounty: "In attempts to get cargo to fall by parachute or land in planes or ships again, islanders imitated the same practices they had seen the military personnel use. Cult behaviors usually involved mimicking the day-to-day activities and dress styles of US soldiers, such as performing parade ground drills with wooden or salvaged rifles. The islanders carved headphones from wood and wore them while sitting in fabricated control towers. They waved the landing signals while standing on the runways. They lit signal fires and torches to light up runways and lighthouses. In a form of sympathetic magic, many built life-size replicas of airplanes out of straw and cut new military-style landing strips out of the jungle, hoping to attract more airplanes."
Now, Wikipedia also gives an example of the typical Western opinion of these cults: "Primitive and confused people who use irrational means to pursue rational ends." This is not useful. It prevents us from seeing these cults as an expression of something universal, and present today in modern life.
Middle class life in neoliberal capitalist society is a Cargo Cult. The rules have changed, the bounty will not be delivered, and there is no going back. But, the ones who can't see or understand the changes still believe that, if they perform the old rituals, like voting, or getting a degree, or working an office job, and they obey all the norms that worked so well in years past, the bounty will return. They are angry and confused that their observance of all the correct rituals won't bring back the good times.
I can't tell whether this idea is worth the time it took to type it out. But, if you've made it this far reading it, I would be grateful if you shared your thoughts.
JustAnotherUser8432@reddit
I suspect this is what the kids feel - all the teens and 20s who are depressed and apathetic. They know the old ways to climb up and be successful are done and there aren’t any new ways other than being born rich. Working hard will get you nothing. College gets you nothing. They’ve been priced out of housing. I can’t think of any college major that will lead to a decent starting salary and lots of growth.
Ok_Pressure_230@reddit
Engineering
Sarafina80@reddit
I don't have any thoughts to add to yours, but, if there are any books you deem good - fiction or nonfiction - regarding cargo cults, I'd be interested in your recommendations. You might like Nick Laird's "Modern Gods" - fiction - but he draws plausible parallels between modern day Ireland and the cargo cult/s in Papua New Guinea.
Modern Gods by Nick Laird review – a tale of two tribes | Fiction | The Guardian
Logical-Race8871@reddit
Yes, I've been having the similar thoughts, though mostly about the US. MAGA and "We're not going back" or whatever the half-assed mission statement of the week is all feel like complete nonsensical jingoisms in the 21st century. We broke the machine. I think everyone is expecting some kind of shift away from this society structure is imminent, but it doesn't look plausible when you survey the board, and if it does shift, society landing on a stable state in any direction seems laughably naive. 20th century full-blown authoritarian fascism seems laughable when there's 2 guns per person and we're extremely diverse. Fully automated luxury communism is a joke while the rich still breathe and pay for all politics, and seadoos are a reasonably purchasable luxury recreation good by the middle class. We can't even get nationalized healthcare, like every other first world nation. Any significant or violent attempts at impulse in either direction would cripple the economy and fail instantly, and yet the neoliberal status quo is to fail to physical and emotional limits, and people cannot make up their minds about any of it.
It's like we're just keeping the ball rolling on this thing that everyone hates and nobody fully understands, and simply isn't doing what it used to do. We're tying the straw together in the shape of a radio tower, but the planes aren't coming anymore.
bristlybits@reddit
"new normal" does not mean "back to normal"- it means THINGS WILL BE CHANGED. it means you cannot go back, ever.
I think having had cancer in my household and learning this phrase in that context changed my perception of people. climate change means a new normal. fascism? there will be a new normal. pandemic? a new normal.
It will never be what it was. You must face that, and you must change. You cannot go back.
comewhatmay_hem@reddit
I am currently struggling with this in my own life. The only reason I am alive today is because I accepted pretty quickly that I would never be able to go back to the person I was before I got sick, and survival meant adaptation and changing my perspective.
The people who were supposed to care for me the most rejected this idea so harshly they would have rather seen me dead than see me learn to live with an illness. To them, learning to live with an illness means you are a weak person who welcomes failure. Even now, with all my diagnoses, medications and letters of accomodation for my disability, they truly think I am on a path to recovery and will be "healed" someday.
To some, the shame of bedrest and not being "productive" is more painful than dying of what is making them sick.
This is how most people view our modern society. Accepting that society is unwell, and fundemental change is necessary in order to heal, means nothing but failure and shame. It is so shameful it is more painful than the illness, and how could anyone get better when they are forced to ensure so much pain?
boneyfingers@reddit (OP)
That last bit you wrote is exactly what I'm trying to say. And, I live in the Global South, where I suspect it's even more absurd. We see the outward forms of capitalist wealth, and think we need only duplicate them, like uttering a magic spell in just the right way, and we might have that same wealth ourselves.
pwnw31842@reddit
It’s definitely worth the time it took to type it out. So much of our low-level behaviour is based on subconscious triggers. More than we would care to admit. So much repetition and superstition ingrained in us. Naturally this extends outwards also to larger systems of society, government, culture.
When everything inevitably goes south, there are many generations of people who will be standing at the sink wondering why there is no water coming out of the taps, thinking that merely the action of turning the handle should produce water.
It’s easy to look at the “primitive” islanders and think that they are somehow less intelligent, but in a time of huge social upheaval such as they experienced, I’d be curious to see how many of us would continue with our bizarre non-sensical rituals in the belief that doing so would somehow restore things back to “normal”.
I suppose when you think about it, everything is a cult. Some are just more successful than others
mobileagnes@reddit
I never really thought about your tap water example until once in a while when electricity or water is out (usually due to maintenance or storm in the area). That expectation of water coming out or lights turning on is just crazy to think about.
mobileagnes@reddit
I was first introduced to the term 'cargo cult' in a programming context like this: https://blog.ndepend.com/cargo-cult-programming/. I sometimes have found myself doing this with SQL and any code where I am relying on a prior work and forget why a certain thing was done.
Miserable_Funny_2019@reddit
It is a poetic connection, for sure. I find it interesting and insightful, however the logic doesn’t completely parse out. That doesn’t mean it isn’t worth considering or talking about. It is a meaningful comparison, and I appreciate you share it.
whoareyoutoquestion@reddit
Write a damn book.
TheHipcrimeVocab@reddit
I wrote something similar a while back: https://hipcrime.substack.com/p/cargo-cult-economics
bristlybits@reddit
I like this as a parallel metaphor for the phrase trickle-down economics
TheHipcrimeVocab@reddit
They actually did a thorough economic study of tax cuts for the rich a few years ago, and what its effects were on economic growth. The verdict? There was no consistent, measurable effect whatsoever. However, they did find that tax cuts did consistently deliver one result--the made the rich much richer. I mean, intuition and common sense tells you that, but it's nice to have the data to back it up: https://jabberwocking.com/what-do-tax-cuts-on-the-rich-accomplish-can-you-guess/
Economics as a whole is definitely a cargo cult.
Flaccidchadd@reddit
I think the rules haven't really changed, the ingroup is just shrinking, so that fewer benefit and it's harder to join the club. It's the completely predictable outcome of more people, depleting resources, declining eroi, social competition and the multipolar trap... leading to a zero sum game and social pathology
Zestyclose-Ad-9420@reddit
if you are out of the ingroup the rules have changed for you.
Flaccidchadd@reddit
The rule is the same as always, get rich or die tryin
Zestyclose-Ad-9420@reddit
youre missing the point
Ghostwoods@reddit
As a lapsed Anthropologist, I'd say you are pretty much exactly correct, with the minor caveat that the authority figures whipping us on know they're lying, while in original cargo cults, the authority figures were believers too.
But the old ways are dead, and no amount of aping the behaviours of the past is going to bring them back.
ConfusedMaverick@reddit
Humans are very good at mindless mimicry.
Other apes will only mimic each other if they can see the payback, but we just copy each other.
It's critical to our survival - our evolutionary strength is our ability to communicate, cooperate and create culure. It's often more important that we agree with each other than with reality.
We live (mentally) in a world of cultural symbols, language and concepts, that we learn from others, along with complex cultural patterns of behaviour... There's simply too much of it to learn the justification for everything we do from scratch, so we have to just mimic as we grow up.
So we are all cargo cultists to a degree, we all do things because it's what you do, it's what's expected, we don't always do A because we know it causes B, we just go through the motions because that's what life seems to be about. To the extent that we are trapped within our encultured symbolic awareness, to that extent we are detached from reality.
Incidentally, the Buddha was onto this - the first three "fetters" that prevent awakening are three facets of this absorption in symbolic awareness.
bristlybits@reddit
now I need to go find out about these fetters
boneyfingers@reddit (OP)
You have given me something to think about that I hadn't considered. Buddhism isn't something I know at all well, but this idea of mistaking the patterns we perceive and the symbols we imagine for reality sounds useful to understand.
My mind went at first to the concept of alienation in German philosophy; first Feuerbach as regards religion, then Marx as regards labor. Entfremdung Gattungswesen, alienation from our human essence, to them is a product of human constructs. But what you wrote seems to say it's something else.
Thank you. I will think rather a lot about what you wrote.
breego123@reddit
It definitely is worth the time.
Here's some reading material related to the idea you're exploring:
A blog post by Tom Murphy: The Cult of Civilization
Check out Cows, Pigs, Wars, and Witches by Marvin Harris. He has a chapter on cargo cults.
Read Ishmael by Daniel Quinn. It explains the dangerous mythological assumptions underpinning modernity. This book and others in the series are an insight powerhouse.
HomoExtinctisus@reddit
Everyone I know living in the US is living in a cargo cult. Pretty easy to see if you step back and think about it.
G2j7n1i4@reddit
I deal closely with the neoliberal upper class, and I can confirm the OP's observations. These people are lost in delusion, unsalvageable.
BigJobsBigJobs@reddit
See Feynman on "Cargo Cult Science".
CargoCult.pdf
See if you can dig up a copy of John Frum He Come: A Polemical Work About a Black Tragedy - a very picaresque narrative by an American sailor who made friends with the cargo cultists of Vanuatu. I'll call it non-fiction.
The English collapsed the Tana's society and culture. When Presbyterian missionaries were rebuffed, the English navy bombarded the Tana with cannon fire. When the Christians took over and force-converted the lot of them, the missionaries forbade the kava (a mild plant narcotic) ceremony and punished participants. They forced the men to wear trousers. In the tropics. Big English woolen ones.
boneyfingers@reddit (OP)
Well, I am very glad you showed me the Feynman speech; it's always a delight to read his stuff. But I mean to employ Cargo Cults in a different metaphor. In applying it to bad science, he says it's a question of allowing ourselves to fool ourselves; that it is a problem of self critical rigor, or honesty. I get that. It's like he's describing a form of applied confirmation bias. We believe things that align with what we want to be true.
And it's also interesting to read about the early Cargo Cults, and their origins, in the late 19th century. The early belief was that the riches contained in cargo were not produced by the colonizers, but instead were stolen or misdirected by them; that the true origin of cargo wealth was in fact their own indigenous ancestral deities. That gets closer to what I meant to say.
Thanks.
roboito1989@reddit
While I think that I understand where you’re coming from, I wouldn’t equate it with cargo cults. I honestly don’t know what I would equate the modern rat race to, as I truly don’t think a really apt comparison exists.
You are right, we are very misguided, probably screwed. I still don’t think cargo cult is the right way to frame it. Cargo cults happened on small islands. It was never a very widespread thing. Modernity is all pervasive. It has infected every inch of our lives and transformed us into a nearly unrecognizable animal.
We are not only living in a decaying world, most of us don’t give a shit about it. And even if we did, it would be nearly impossible to get much of anything done.
It’s just honestly so extremely convoluted that it makes my head spin at times.
Honest-Caregiver8938@reddit
im sorry but jesus fucking christ OP
not only have i learned about cargo cults (strong TIL) but this pithy sentence of "Middle class life in neoliberal capitalist society is a Cargo Cult" is not only beautiful but spot fucking on
please follow up in this sub on your additional thoughts on this idea as you flesh it out
Alarming_Award5575@reddit
Of course feynman wrote on this. Loved that guy.
sujirokimimame1@reddit
Feynman put into words many of the observations I had when I was in academia, and why I decided not to continue. So much emphasis on form, sticking to norms, the performative aspect of it all. Doing slight variations on bullshit research to publish bullshit articles to go to bullshit conferences with other bullshiters to jerk each other off. I'd be surprised if a fraction of 1% that comes out of that is of any use.
theycallmecliff@reddit
A version of this observation is made by William R Catton Jr. in his book *Overshoot: the ecological basis of revolutionary change." He doesn't go so far as to deploy the social half of a historical materialist analysis that you have, but I would generally agree with it. He focuses more on the base material conditions than modes of production or other social factors - mainly arguing that the belief in the innovation of whatever system we're under to produce the solution is cargoism.
Like I said, I think this can be built up much further in the direction that you've laid out regarding neoliberal capitalism using a full historical materialist analysis, but you're certainly headed in a good direction in my opinion, and one that previous students of collapse have recognized.
I think the primary tension in not fully fleshing this out is that one that dialectical thinking sometimes has: it's negative. What I mean by negative is not the colloquial "pessimistic" but rather "focused on the dissection, synthesis, and contradiction of criticizing what currently exists. It gets exceedingly vague when prescribing specific solutions. Part of this is because different historical ages and places are different; you would expect the proposed solutions to be different.
But collapse thinking along these lines, and historical materialist thinking as well, have at the same time many very useful critiques of what is and vulnerabilities that can easily be exposed by those with different values. You see it right now with the so-called "MAGA communists" that go so far as to call themselves Marxists but then propose "remedies" to the problem that are notably fascist in their direction. Similarly, collapse has a segment of degrowth that can be coopted by ecofascists, too.
Defending against this requires going another layer deeper: the cargoism is an idealist fallacy, based in ideas, values, beliefs as opposed to material conditions. Most fascist co-options of ideas rely on some form of metaphysics, even when they're claiming that they're not, they often deploy an overarching mythos that can feel very attractive in our postmodern, cynical, lost times. In other words, cargoism is a symptom of beliefs that aren't rooted in real historical material conditions. Malthus, frequently brought up when discussing right co-option, was ahistorical - he thought soil could never deteriorate nor improve which is demonstrably false. I highly recommend John Bellamy Foster's *Marx's Ecology* along these lines.
I appreciate the direction you're going as I think cargoism is a good jumping-off point to look at things like alienation and idealism.
boneyfingers@reddit (OP)
Thank you for this. I'll circle back to make a more substantial reply once I've had time to read the links you've offered.
theycallmecliff@reddit
Since they're both full books, that might take a bit of time, so no pressure. I'm happy to continue the discussion if and when you have any questions or thoughts.
Catton was a relatively quick read and very digestible. Foster took a bit more time and effort for me and is more useful if you're a Marxist or a historical materialist - though I think his clarifications about why Malthus is wrong are particularly insightful regardless.
breaducate@reddit
That paragraph about middle class life is excellent rhetoric and painfully accurate in my opinion.
Nitpick begins here. I get what you're saying at "this is not useful" but 'it prevents us from seeing things a certain way' can be viewed as motivated reasoning if one is being uncharitable.
It might be worth briefly mentioning the 'not useful' framing is accurate but insufficient.
It's like one of my pet hates: moralising. When this or that business owner does something bad people cry foul while implicitly holding sacred the position and incentive structure they found themselves in before doing the obvious thing.
Focusing on 'the bad people' and thinking things would be solved if instead they had been 'the good people' is worse than nothing because it distracts from a systemic analysis that's a prerequisite for positive change.
But you don't want to give people the impression you think they're wrong for being offended by the malicious act. That'd be a good way to get them to stop reading and not get the point.
ItyBityGreenieWeenie@reddit
Feynman discussed this a bit in his book, 'Surely, you're joking, Mr. Feynman' Carl Sagan expressed a similar worry in his book 'The Demon-Haunted World'
If you want to continue your analogy, you might find these two thinkers most helpful.
boneyfingers@reddit (OP)
I thoroughly admire both of those writers.
Cheers
lightweight12@reddit
That's a fascinating insight! Please expand
boneyfingers@reddit (OP)
Man, I wish I could, and I'll try. But I posted here in a shameless attempt to crowd source useful criticism, to help clarify my own thinking.
I would love a local version of the old French Salon, the 17th and 18th centuries. But there's nothing like that where I live, and they wouldn't have me if there were. So here is the best substitute I know.
Just_a_Marmoset@reddit
I'm fascinated by this, and also wish we had modern-day salons!
gmuslera@reddit
Technology is plagued of cargo cults, be some tool or technology your main business goal or just something that your company uses. "It works for others so I use it here" but because understanding it is more the norm than the exception.
boneyfingers@reddit (OP)
That hints at something I was thinking about when I posted. "It used to work, so keep doing it," reminds me of Bertrand Russells comment on the problem of induction, when he wrote, "Domestic animals expect food when they see the person who usually feeds them. We know that all these rather crude expectations of uniformity are liable to be misleading. The man who has fed the chicken every day throughout its life at last wrings its neck instead, showing that more refined views as to the uniformity of nature would have been useful to the chicken."
yinsotheakuma@reddit
I think a lot of folks' relationship with how their society works has echoes of a cargo cult. "It works, let's not ask how, but I'll pull this thread as hard as I can to get more out of it and nothing will go wrong." Sort of a view from within the cult.
That said, if voting didn't matter Donald Trump would have never become the US president.
As far as folks losing touch with how jobs and 'bounties' work, there's always a bit of disconnect between how one generation sees work and the realities of the next generation. There is, of all things, a Father Knows Best episode about it: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sdNNAnmP4ak